December 4, 2017
Published by TDP on December 4, 2017
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Drugs used in Parkinsonism and related Disorders

In idiopathic Parkinson's disease, the progressive degeneration of pigmented neurones in the substantia nigra leads to a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The resulting neurochemical imbalance in the basal ganglia causes the characteristic signs and symptoms of the illness. Drug therapy does not prevent disease progression, but it improves most patients' quality of life. Treatment is usually not started until symptoms cause significant disruption of daily activities.
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December 3, 2017
Published by TDP on December 3, 2017
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Antiepileptics

Complex-Partial Epilepsy, Epilepsy, Mixed Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic Epilepsy, Trigeminal Neuralgia, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Bipolar Disorder in Remission, Diabetes Insipidus, Manic Bipolar Disorder, Mixed Bipolar I Disorder, Neuralgia, Paroxysmal Choreoathetosis, Prevention of Seizures following Cranial Trauma or Surgery, Restless Legs Syndrome.
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December 3, 2017
Published by TDP on December 3, 2017
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Analgesics

Opioid analgesics are usually used to relieve moderate to severe pain particularly of visceral origin. Repeated administration may cause dependence and tolerance, but this is no deterrent in the control of pain in terminal illness. Regular use of a potent opioid may be appropriate for certain cases of chronic non-malignant pain; treatment should be supervised by a specialist and the patient should be assessed at regular intervals. Opioids should be used with caution in patients with impaired respiratory function (avoid in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and asthma (avoid during an acute attack), hypotension, shock, prostatic hypertrophy, obstructive or inflammatory bowel disorders, diseases of the biliary tract, and convulsive disorders.
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December 1, 2017
Published by TDP on December 1, 2017
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Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

SSRIs are better tolerated and are safer in overdose than other classes of antidepressants and should be considered first-line for treating depression. In patients with unstable angina or who have had a recent myocardial infarction, sertraline has been shown to be safe.
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November 30, 2017
Published by TDP on November 30, 2017
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Drugs Used in Nausea and Vertigo

Management of vestibular diseases is aimed at treating the underlying cause as well as treating symptoms of the balance disturbance and associated nausea and vomiting. Vertigo and nausea associated with Ménière’s disease and middle-ear surgery can be difficult to treat.Betahistine is an analogue of histamine and is claimed to reduce endolymphatic pressure by improving the microcirculation. Betahistine is licensed for vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Ménière's disease.
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November 30, 2017
Published by TDP on November 30, 2017
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Drugs Used in the Treatment of Obesity

An anti-obesity drug should be considered only for those with a body mass index (BMI, individual’s body-weight divided by the square of the individual’s height) of 30 kg/m2 or greater in whom at least 3 months of managed care involving supervised diet, exercise and behaviour modification fails to achieve a realistic reduction in weight. In the presence of risk factors (such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnoea), it may be appropriate to prescribe a drug to individuals with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or greater, provided that such use is permitted by the drug’s marketing authorisation.
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November 30, 2017
Published by TDP on November 30, 2017
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Other Antidepressant Drugs

Mirtazapine, a presynaptic alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, increases central noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. It has few antimuscarinic effects, but causes sedation during initial treatment. Venlafaxine is a serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor (SNRI); it lacks the sedative and antimuscarinic effects of the tricyclic antidepressants. Tianeptine is an antidepressant agent with a novel neurochemical profile. It increases serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) uptake in the brain (in contrast with most antidepressant agents) and reduces stress-induced atrophy of neuronal dendrites. Like the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and in contrast with most tricyclic antidepressant agents, tianeptine does not appear to be associated with adverse cognitive, psychomotor, sleep, cardiovascular or bodyweight effects and has a low propensity for abuse.
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November 30, 2017
Published by TDP on November 30, 2017
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Tricyclic and related antidepressant drugs

Tricyclic and related antidepressants block the re-uptake of both serotonin and noradrenaline, although to different extents. Tricyclic and related antidepressants also show varying degrees of antimuscarinic side-effects and cardiotoxicity in overdosage, which may be important in individual patients. Evidence of the efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants for depression in children has not been established.
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November 28, 2017
Published by TDP on November 28, 2017
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Antimanic Drugs

Drugs are used in mania to control acute attacks and to prevent their recurrence.
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Antimanic Drugs
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