TDP

Drugs Affecting Bone Metabolism

Hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones and anti-estrogens   Anti-oestrogens CLOMIFENE CITRATE (Clomiphene Citrate): Indications: Female Infertility, Ovulation Stimulation Contraindications: Disease of Liver, Intracranial Lesion, Ovarian Cyst, […]

Androgens cause masculinisation; they may be used as replacement therapy in castrated adults and in those who are hypogonadal due to either pituitary or testicular disease. In the normal male they inhibit pituitary gonadotrophin secretion and depress spermatogenesis. Androgens also have an anabolic action which led to the development of anabolic steroids. When given to patients with hypopituitarism they can lead to normal sexual development and potency but not to fertility.

Oestrogens are necessary for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics; they also stimulate myometrial hypertrophy with endometrial hyperplasia. In terms of oestrogenic activity natural oestrogens (estradiol (oestradiol), estrone (oestrone), and estriol (oestriol)) have a more appropriate profile for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) than synthetic oestrogens (ethinylestradiol (ethinyloestradiol) and mestranol). Tibolone has oestrogenic, progestogenic and weak androgenic activity.

Current ExQuilla releases

To get the minimum value (lowest value of the list) =min(range) To get the max value (which would be the biggest value of the list) =max(range) […]

To have the average of a certain data you can use the following =average(range) This will give you the average data in the range. To get […]

The adrenal cortex normally secretes hydrocortisone (cortisol) which has glucocorticoid activity and weak mineralocorticoid activity. It also secretes the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. In deficiency states, physiological replacement is best achieved with a combination of hydrocortisone and the mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone; hydrocortisone alone does not usually provide sufficient mineralocorticoid activity for complete replacement.

Thyroid hormones are used in hypothyroidism (myxoedema), and also in diffuse non-toxic goitre, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (lymphadenoid goitre), and thyroid carcinoma. Neonatal hypothyroidism requires prompt treatment for normal development. Levothyroxine sodium (thyroxine sodium) is the treatment of choice for maintenance therapy. In infants and children with congenital hypothyroidism and juvenile myxoedema, the dose of levothyroxine should be titrated according to clinical response, growth assessment, and measurements of plasma thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone.